java中关于深拷贝的几种方式

在java里，当我们需要拷贝一个对象时，有两种类型的拷贝：浅拷贝与深拷贝。

• 浅拷贝只是拷贝了源对象的地址，所以源对象的值发生变化时，拷贝对象的值也会发生变化。
• 深拷贝则是拷贝了源对象的所有值，所以即使源对象的值发生变化时，拷贝对象的值也不会改变。

方式1：构造函数深拷贝

package com.lyj.demo.pojo.cloneTest;
import lombok.Getter;
/**
 * @author 凌兮
 * @date 2021/4/15 14:28
 * 通过构造器进行深拷贝测试
 */
@Getter
public class UserConstruct {
    private String userName;
    private AddressConstruct address;
    public UserConstruct() {
    }
    public UserConstruct(String userName, AddressConstruct address) {
        this.userName = userName;
        this.address = address;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AddressConstruct address = new AddressConstruct("小区1", "小区2");
        UserConstruct user = new UserConstruct("小李", address);
        // 调用构造函数进行深拷贝
        UserConstruct copyUser = new UserConstruct(user.getUserName(), new AddressConstruct(address.getAddress1(), address.getAddress2()));
        // 修改源对象的值
        user.getAddress().setAddress1("小区3");
        // false
        System.out.println(user == copyUser);
        // false
        System.out.println(user.getAddress().getAddress1() == copyUser.getAddress().getAddress1());
        // false
        System.out.println(user.getAddress().getAddress1().equals(copyUser.getAddress().getAddress1()));
        // true
        System.out.println(user.getAddress().getAddress2().equals(copyUser.getAddress().getAddress2()));
    }
}
package com.lyj.demo.pojo.cloneTest;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
/**
 * @author 凌兮
 * @date 2021/4/15 14:28
 */
@Getter
@Setter
public class AddressConstruct {
    private String address1;
    private String address2;
    public AddressConstruct() {
    }
    public AddressConstruct(String address1, String address2) {
        this.address1 = address1;
        this.address2 = address2;
    }
}

方式2：重载Clone（）方法深拷贝

Object父类有个clone()的拷贝方法，不过它是protected类型的 ，我们需要重写它并修改为public类型，除此之外，子类还需要实现Cloneable接口来告诉JVM这个类上是可以拷贝的。

package com.lyj.demo.pojo.cloneTest;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
/**
 * @author 凌兮
 * @date 2021/4/15 14:49
 *
 */
@Setter
@Getter
public class AddressClone implements Cloneable{
    private String address1;
    private String address2;
    public AddressClone() {
    }
    public AddressClone(String address1, String address2) {
        this.address1 = address1;
        this.address2 = address2;
    }
    @Override
    protected AddressClone clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return (AddressClone) super.clone();
    }
}
package com.lyj.demo.pojo.cloneTest;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
/**
 * @author 凌兮
 * @date 2021/4/15 14:48
 * 通过实现Clone接口实现深拷贝
 */
@Setter
@Getter
public class UserClone implements Cloneable{
    private String userName;
    private AddressClone address;
    public UserClone() {
    }
    public UserClone(String userName, AddressClone address) {
        this.userName = userName;
        this.address = address;
    }
    /**
     * Object父类有个clone()的拷贝方法，不过它是protected类型的，
     * 我们需要重写它并修改为public类型。除此之外，
     * 子类还需要实现Cloneable接口来告诉JVM这个类是可以拷贝的。
     * @return
     * @throws CloneNotSupportedException
     */
    @Override
    protected UserClone clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        // 需要注意的是，super.clone()其实是浅拷贝，
        // 所以在重写UserClone类的clone()方法时，address对象需要调用address.clone()重新赋值
        UserClone userClone = (UserClone) super.clone();
        userClone.setAddress(this.address.clone());
        return userClone;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        AddressClone address = new AddressClone("小区1", "小区2");
        UserClone user = new UserClone("小李", address);
        UserClone copyUser = user.clone();
        user.getAddress().setAddress1("小区3");
        // false
        System.out.println(user == copyUser);
        // false
        System.out.println(user.getAddress().getAddress1().equals(copyUser.getAddress().getAddress1()));
    }
}

需要注意的是，super.clone()其实是浅拷贝，所以在重写User类的clone()方法时，address对象需要调用address.clone()重新赋值。

方式3：Apache Commons Lang序列化方式深拷贝

Java提供了序列化的能力，我们可以先将源对象进行序列化，再反序列化生成拷贝对象。但是，使用序列化的前提是拷贝的类（包括其成员变量）需要实现Serializable接口。

Apache Commons Lang包对Java序列化进行了封装，我们可以直接使用它。

package com.lyj.demo.pojo.cloneTest;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
 * @author 凌兮
 * @date 2021/4/15 15:11
 */
@Getter
@Setter
public class AddressSerializable implements Serializable {
    private String address1;
    private String address2;
    public AddressSerializable() {
    }
    public AddressSerializable(String address1, String address2) {
        this.address1 = address1;
        this.address2 = address2;
    }
}
package com.lyj.demo.pojo.cloneTest;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.SerializationUtils;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
 * @author 凌兮
 * @date 2021/4/15 15:10
 * 通过Apache Commons Lang 序列化方式深拷贝
 * Java提供了序列化的能力，我们可以先将源对象进行序列化，再反序列化生成拷贝对象。
 * 但是，使用序列化的前提是拷贝的类（包括其成员变量）需要实现Serializable接口。
 * Apache Commons Lang包对Java序列化进行了封装，我们可以直接使用它。
 */
@Getter
@Setter
public class UserSerializable implements Serializable {
    private String userName;
    private AddressSerializable address;
    public UserSerializable() {
    }
    public UserSerializable(String userName, AddressSerializable address) {
        this.userName = userName;
        this.address = address;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AddressSerializable address = new AddressSerializable("小区1", "小区2");
        UserSerializable user = new UserSerializable("小李", address);
        UserSerializable copyUser = SerializationUtils.clone(user);
        user.getAddress().setAddress1("小区3");
        // false
        System.out.println(user == copyUser);
        // false
        System.out.println(user.getAddress().getAddress1().equals(copyUser.getAddress().getAddress1()));
    }
}