WebSocket介绍及部署
WebSocket是一种在单个TCP连接上进行全双工通信的协议,其设计的目的是在Web浏览器和Web服务器之间进行实时通信(实时Web)。
WebSocket协议的优点包括:
1. 更高效的网络利用率:与HTTP相比,WebSocket的握手只需要一次,之后客户端和服务器端可以直接交换数据;
2. 实时性更高:WebSocket的双向通信能够实现实时通信,无需等待客户端或服务器端的响应;
3. 更少的通信量和延迟:WebSocket可以发送二进制数据,而HTTP只能发送文本数据,并且WebSocket的消息头比HTTP更小。
简单使用示例:
1. 客户端JavaScript代码:
```javascript
//创建WebSocket对象
var socket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/");
//建立连接后回调函数
socket.onopen = function(event) {
console.log("WebSocket连接建立成功");
};
//接收到消息后回调函数
socket.onmessage = function(event) {
console.log("接收到消息:" + event.data);
};
//错误回调函数
socket.onerror = function(event) {
console.log("WebSocket连接发生错误");
};
//关闭回调函数
socket.onclose = function(event) {
console.log("WebSocket连接关闭");
};
//发送消息
socket.send("hello server");
2. 服务器端Java代码:
```java
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class WebSocketServer {
//存储所有连接到服务器的WebSocket对象
private static Set<WebSocket> webSockets = new HashSet<>();
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//创建ServerSocket
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8080);
System.out.println("服务器已启动,监听端口:8080");
//循环等待客户端连接
while (true) {
//创建Socket对象
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//创建WebSocket对象,存储到集合中
WebSocket webSocket = new WebSocket(socket);
webSockets.add(webSocket);
//启动线程,处理该WebSocket连接
new Thread(webSocket).start();
System.out.println("客户端已连接:" + socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());
}
}
//广播消息给所有连接到服务器的WebSocket对象
public static void broadcast(String message) {
for (WebSocket webSocket : webSockets) {
try {
webSocket.sendMessage(message);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
3. 服务器端WebSocket代码:
```java
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
public class WebSocket implements Runnable {
private Socket socket;
private InputStream inputStream;
public WebSocket(Socket socket) throws IOException {
this.socket = socket;
this.inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
}
//接收消息
public String receiveMessage() throws IOException {
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len = inputStream.read(buffer);
return new String(buffer, 0, len);
}
//发送消息
public void sendMessage(String message) throws IOException {
socket.getOutputStream().write(message.getBytes());
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (true) {
String message = receiveMessage();
System.out.println("接收到消息:" + message);
WebSocketServer.broadcast(message);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}